Ohio Assessments for Educators (OAE) Early Childhood Practice Exam

Which factor is critical for an English language learner's writing skills development in English?

1. Understanding the writing process steps

2. Literacy development in the primary language

3. Acquisition of a wide range of English vocabulary

4. Familiarity with various written genres

The correct answer is: Literacy development in the primary language

The development of writing skills in English for an English language learner (ELL) is significantly influenced by literacy development in the primary language. Research indicates that strong literacy skills in a learner's native language can transfer to English writing skills. When learners are proficient in their first language, they possess an understanding of fundamental concepts such as sentence structure, grammar, and narrative development, which can be applied when writing in English. This transfer of skills is foundational; it provides ELLs with a conceptual framework for expressing ideas and thoughts, making the process of learning to write in English more effective. Literacy in the primary language not only supports vocabulary acquisition in English but also fosters confidence and reduces frustration when tackling new writing tasks in a second language. While other factors, such as understanding different writing processes, acquiring vocabulary, and familiarity with various genres, are also important to writing skill development, they often build upon the foundational literacy skills established in the primary language. Without a solid base in one’s first language, difficulties may arise in fully grasping or utilizing these other aspects effectively.